Apa Yang Mendorong Keberhasilan Performa Menembak Dalam Petanque? Tinjauan Sistematis Tentang Faktor Biomekanik, Psikologis, Teknis, Dan Pengalaman Kompetitif
Downloads
Background. Shooting performance is a crucial determinant of success in petanque, often determining competition outcomes. Although numerous studies have examined shooting-related variables, the available evidence remains scattered across biomechanical, psychological, and technical perspectives, with no comprehensive synthesis identifying dominant performance drivers. Objectives. This systematic review aims to critically synthesize and evaluate scientific evidence on factors driving successful shooting performance in petanque, emphasizing biomechanical, psychological, and technical determinants, while identifying dominant factors and research gaps. Methods. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2022 and 2025 were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 15 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis. Data were extracted and analyzed to categorize performance determinants and assess their relative dominance based on frequency, methodological rigor, and reported impact. Results. This synthesis revealed four key domains influencing shooting performance: biomechanical factors (e.g., arm kinematics, release angle, grip stability, and postural balance), psychological factors (e.g., concentration, anxiety regulation, and competition confidence), technical factors (e.g., shooting technique, execution consistency, and tactical shot selection), and training and competition experience. Biomechanical consistency, psychological regulation, and competition experience were identified as the most dominant determinants, consistently associated with higher shooting accuracy across performance levels. However, heterogeneity in study designs, outcome measures, and skill classifications limits comparisons between studies. Conclusions. Successful shooting performance in petanque is driven by a multidimensional, interactive set of biomechanical, psychological, and technical factors. This review offers a new integrative framework that consolidates fragmented evidence and highlights the urgent need for standardized performance metrics and interdisciplinary research models. The findings provide evidence-based insights for coaches, athletes, and sport scientists to optimize shooting training and inform future high-quality research in petanque performance analysis.
Downloads
Abdurrahman, E., Raharjo, H. P., Setyawati, H., & others. (2024). Analysing the Mental Imagery Training to Improve the Ability of Petanque Sport Shooting Game: Literature Review. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 24(3), 474–479.
Agustina, D., Rismayanthi, C., Rozi, M. F., Gandasari, M. F., Dai, M., Sumaryanti, S., Yuniana, R., Mashud, M., Suganda, M. A., Dewantara, J., & others. (2025). What is the difference between shooting technique and pointer kinematics in novice athletes?: A study on the sport of Petanque. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación F{’i}sica, Deporte y Recreación, 62, 705–714.
Awaluddin, A., Samsudin, S., Puspitorini, W., Widiastuti, W., & Syahruddin, S. (2025). A Comprehensive Approach to Enhancing Volleyball Skills: The Role of Problem-Based Learning, Constraint-Led Approach, and Motivation. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(3), 548–555.
Beyaz, Ö., Akpinar, S., & Demirhan, G. (2024). Effect of 12-week traditional archery on motor performances and quality of life of adolescents with mild intellectual disability. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1–16.
Clemente, F., & Sarmento, H. (2020). The effects of small-sided soccer games on technical actions and skills: A systematic review. Human Movement, 21(3), 100–119.
Effendi, R., Ihsan, N., Okilanda, A., Putra, A. N., Syafrianto, D., & others. (2024). Petanque athletes’ shooting skills: Hand eye coordination, concentration and arm length. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 24(8), 2049–2056.
Elzas, E. N., Budiman, A., Rusmana, R., Adiputra, M., & others. (2024). The Influence of Mindfulness Sport Performance Enhancement Training on Self-Confidence in Petanque Athletes. Journal of Physical and Outdoor Education, 6(2), 60–67.
Gallicchio, G., Ryu, D., Pecunioso, A., & Jackson, R. (2024). Cardiac cycle oscillatory dynamics in a self-paced precision task. 10th International Conference On Movement, Health and Exercise & 14th Asia Conference of Kinesiology and Sport Science.
Helmi, B., Hidayah, T., Pramono, H., Hartono, M., & Iskandar, T. (2024). Using a Biomechanical Analysis Approach to the Accuracy of Shooting Throws in Petanque Sport: Literature Review. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 24(1), 130–135.
IRA, P., MILENA, M., & TIGRAN, P. (2025). Neurodynamic resilience and pre-competition anxiety: A mixed-methods study of elite sport shooters. Journal of Physical Education & Sport, 10.
Kurniawan, F., Hidayatullah, M. F., Kristiyanto, A., Riyadi, S., Ekawati, F. F., Ningrum, N. R., & Prabowo, T. A. (2024). Physical literacy needs in esports: literature review. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación F{’i}sica, Deporte y Recreación, 58, 495–505.
Mokhtar, A. H. (2024). 2024: International Conference of Human Performance and Health (ICHPH) 2023: Received 2024-12-05; Accepted 2024-12-06; Published 2024-12-06. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine (JUMMEC), 1–90.
Moura, T. B. M. A., Leme, J. C., Nakamura, F. Y., Cardoso, J. R., & Moura, F. A. (2024). Determinant biomechanical variables for each sprint phase performance in track and field: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 19(1), 488–509.
Nurhasan, N., Al Ardha, M. A., Putra, N. S. R. P., Sukmana, A. A., Yang, C. B., Putra, K. P., Bikalawan, S. S., Bakri, M. F. A., Putro, A. B., & Irani, R. (2024). Petanque research trends and developments in the last decade: a systematic review. Retos, 61, 567–577.
Nurhasan, N., Al Ardha, M. A., Ristanto, K. O., Yang, C. B., Wijayanto, A., Pradana, S. W. K. C., Putra, N. S. R. P., Bikalawan, S. S., Rizki, A. Z., Utomo, R. S., & others. (2024). Kinematic Movement Differences Between Petanque Pointing and Shooting Technique in Children. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación F{’i}sica, Deporte y Recreación, 52, 52–61.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International Journal of Surgery, 88(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906
Pelana, R., Setiakarnawijaya, Y., Dwiyana, F., Sari, L. P., Abdurrahman, Antoni, R., & Yusmawati. (2021). The effect of arm length, arm endurance and self-confidence on petanque shooting. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(4), 2381–2388. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4319
Phytanza, D. T. P., Burhaein, E., Indriawan, S., Lourenço, C. C. V., Demirci, N., Widodo, P., Widiyono, I. P., Irawan, Y. F., Sutopo, W. G., Parmadi, M., & others. (2022). Accuracy training program: Can improve shooting results of petanque athletes aged 15-20 years. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(1), 121–130.
Pratama, R. S., Nurhasan, N., Hafidz, A., Wahadi, W., Kriswantoro, K., Santosa, T., Ashadi, K., Utami, T. S., Muharram, N. A., Sunanto, S., & others. (2024). Analysis of the main physical condition factors in petanque. Retos, 60, 103–109.
Putri, M. W., Panggraita, G. N., Proboyekti, D., Shidiq, A. A. P., Utomo, A. W., Rozi, F., Dhuha, A. A., Tarigan, B. S., & Setiawan, E. (n.d.). The Relationship Between Self-Confidence and Anxiety of Petanque Athletes in Facing Matches in Central Java. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(6), 1313–1321.
Rizal, R. M., Asmawi, M., & Lubis, J. (2021). Effect of self-talk on pentanque shooting accuracy. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(4), 807–813.
Setiakarnawijaya, Y., Pelana, R., Oktafiranda, N. D., Ilham, M., Mitsalina, D., & others. (2021). Correlation study between arm muscle endurance and arm length with pointing accuracy in Petanque. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21, 2413–2418.
Shmuelof, L., Krakauer, J. W., & Mazzoni, P. (2012). How is a motor skill learned? Change and invariance at the levels of task success and trajectory control. Journal of Neurophysiology, 108(2), 578–594.
