Manajemen Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga Berbasis Inklusi Bagi Anak Disabilitas Di Kota Medan
Abstract
Permasalahan utama dalam manajemen pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga berbasis inklusi bagi anak disabilitas di Kota Medan adalah keterbatasan sarana prasarana ramah disabilitas, kurangnya kompetensi guru PJOK dalam pembelajaran adaptif, minimnya kurikulum dan modul inklusi, adanya stigma sosial di lingkungan sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manajemen pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga berbasis inklusi bagi anak disabilitas di Kota Medan, yang meliputi aspek perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, serta kendala yang dihadapi dalam implementasinya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi pada sekolah penyelenggara pendidikan inklusi. Informan penelitian terdiri atas guru Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, guru pendamping khusus, serta pihak manajemen sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan pembelajaran disusun dengan mengacu pada kurikulum nasional dan disesuaikan dengan karakteristik anak disabilitas, meskipun belum seluruhnya didukung oleh panduan pembelajaran adaptif yang sistematis. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dilakukan melalui strategi dan metode yang fleksibel dengan modifikasi aktivitas gerak, alat, serta aturan permainan agar seluruh peserta didik dapat berpartisipasi aktif. Evaluasi pembelajaran menekankan pada proses, partisipasi, dan perkembangan individu peserta didik, namun belum didukung oleh instrumen penilaian inklusif yang baku. Kendala utama yang ditemukan meliputi keterbatasan kompetensi guru dalam pendidikan jasmani adaptif, keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana ramah disabilitas, serta minimnya referensi pembelajaran inklusif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa manajemen pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga berbasis inklusi telah berjalan, namun memerlukan penguatan kompetensi guru, fasilitas pendukung, dan kebijakan pembelajaran adaptif agar pelaksanaannya lebih optimal
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