Peningkatan Skor Modified Oswestry Disability Index pada Wanita Multipara dengan Kondisi Mechanical Low Back Pain
Abstract
Mechanical low back pain (MLBP) merupakan masalah muskuloskeletal yang sering dialami oleh wanita multipara akibat perubahan biomekanik lumbopelvik dan kelemahan otot inti pasca kehamilan dan persalinan, yang berdampak pada penurunan kemampuan fungsional lumbal sebagaimana diukur dengan Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI). Meskipun latihan penguatan otot inti telah direkomendasikan secara luas dalam manajemen MLBP, sebagian besar penelitian masih berfokus pada latihan stabilisasi konvensional, sedangkan bukti ilmiah yang secara spesifik mengkaji efektivitas kombinasi abdominal breathing exercise dan curl-up terhadap peningkatan skor MODI pada wanita multipara masih sangat terbatas, khususnya pada setting komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi latihan tersebut terhadap kemampuan fungsional lumbal. Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimental pretest–posttest kelompok kontrol pada 40 wanita usia 30–50 tahun dengan MLBP. Hasil menunjukkan penurunan nilai MODI yang signifikan pada kelompok intervensi (beda rerata = 12,9±2,025; p < 0,05), sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perubahan bermakna. Uji independent samples t-test menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok pada pretest (p = 0,944), namun terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada posttest (p < 0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa latihan kombinasi ini efektif meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional lumbal. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi praktis dalam penerapan program fisioterapi berbasis komunitas serta memperkuat pendekatan latihan sebagai manajemen nonfarmakologis nyeri punggung bawah.
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