The Role of Physical Activity in Controlling Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and is an incurable disease; one way to control blood sugar levels is through physical activity, as it can reduce insulin resistance. This study aims to summarize the results of clinical trials examining the role of physical activity in controlling blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review design conducted on Google Scholar, identifying 7 journals for the literature review. Of the 7 journals examined, 6 studies demonstrated a relationship between physical activity and blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus, while one article did not show a relationship between physical activity and blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Most of the physical activities performed by the respondents were divided into three categories: light activities, such as sleeping, watching television, eating, and performing general household chores; Moderate activities, such as leisurely walking, driving, or using public transportation. Heavy activities, such as gardening, jogging, and intense exercises like sit-ups, push-ups, or cycling. Thus, physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity and aid the process of glucose uptake into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels; physical activity also helps reduce the risk of complications such as diabetic neuropathy in patients with Diabetes Mellitus.