Identification of Taekwondo Athlete Talent by Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

AHP is designed to solve complex problems in hierarchies, unclear structures, uncertain opinions of a decision, many decision makers, and inaccuracies in existing data. This study aims to determine the criteria and sub-criteria in identifying the talent of taekwondo athletes aged 12 to 14 years. The data collected and analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the expert choice application. The method used in this research is a combination method (mixed-methods research) by conducting a literature review and providing questionnaires to 30 taekwondo experts in West Java. Of the thirteen sub-criteria, ten sub-criteria were the highest with data analysis using AHP. The ten sub criteria include mesomorph, endomorph, height, ectomorph, V02Max, Body Mass Index, weight, agility, speed and leg length.


INTRODUCTION
In Korean, "tae" means kick, "kwon" means fist, and "do" means art.This is how taekwondo is practised.Taekwondo, then, is a martial art that emphasises the use of the hands and feet for self-defense.(Merangin, 2018).There are two different classes in Taekwondo martial arts competition: poomsae and kyorugi.Kyorugi, which means to compete, and poomsae, which means art.Taekwondo sports require a number of fundamental biomotor skills, such as strength, endurance, power, speed, coordination, flexibility, and balance.When it comes to implementing taekwondo physical exams, these biomotor components are essential.(Setiyawan & Sukadiyanto, 2015).due to the need to determine the extent of the athlete's physical condition.Furthermore, this study may eventually lead to a quantitative and qualitative characteriszation of the typical physiological traits of Indonesian junior athletes.
Taekwondo as a sport with national and international competition.
The athlete selection process is usually seen from the number of flight hours available.
But flight hours cannot be a benchmark in identifying athlete talent.It is still often found that in identifying talent the coaches still do it manually.This is still not effective (Harianto et al., 2022) In this process, there are many frauds that occur.One of the frauds that often occurs is fraud in data processing.Talent identification programs are created to select young athletes who are competent.(Vaeyens et al., 2009).Selection of athletes using the Sport talent identification (STI) program (Breitbach et al., 2014).STI plays an important role in stabilizing the continuity of athletes in the world of sports (Zheng & Chen, 2016).Taekwondo requires the application of a decision system to determine the best taekwondo athlete.There are several ways to solve these problems in determining the criteria for athletes, one of which is a system called the AHP (Kurniawan & Gusrianty, 2019).
AHP expressed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s has the meaning of a decision support system in a systematic way so that it can be widely applied in important decision making.(Dari & Taroreh, 2022).AHP is designed to solve complex problems in hierarchies, unclear structures, uncertain opinions of a decision, many decision makers, and inaccuracies in existing data.(Harianto et al., 2022).An approach called the AHP has been implemented in the sport of volleyball to measure anthropometry, strength, biomechanics, agility, psychological and physiological factors (Nurjaya et al., 2020) The application of AHP has previously been applied to the sport of volleyball to measure several parameters of volleyball athletes as criteria.This model analyzes data comparing variables, elite athlete norms, and prospective athletes.This identification model can be relied upon as an STI model in volleyball (Noori & Sadeghi, 2019).In the research has applied AHP software in rowing sports (Nurjaya et al., 2020).However, in this study the authors want to apply AHP software to taekwondo athletes because very few researchers discuss systematic criteria, procedures and make decisions using AHP.
Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review talent identification especially in taekwondo athletes.Many researchers have applied AHP to solve a problem, especially in the field of sports.

METHOD
Mixed Methods Research (MMR), as it is commonly known, is a research approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods (Nurjaya et al., 2020).MMR was discovered in the 1950s, and in the realm of sports, this research method was heavily utilised in 2005 (Abeza et al., 2015).One crucial component of mixed methods research is the integration of qualitative and quantitative components (Goel, 2018).In sport-related research approaches, MMR seeks to address the shortcomings of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.Furthermore, MMR endeavours to integrate both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, thereby rendering a noteworthy contribution to the field of sport research (Jones, 1997).Because MMR involves researchers to find answers to research questions, it is a practical approach (Bressan et al., 2017).
Google Form was used to distribute questionnaires online in order to collect data.
Respondents were asked to rank criteria according to three factors: somatotype, biomotor, and anthopometry.In order to identify talented taekwondo athletes, these criteria were carefully chosen while taking into account different viewpoints.Thirteen sub-criteria were identified as necessary for the process of determining the talent of taekwondo athletes at different ages based on the author's review of the literature from a variety of reference sources.
Integrating quantitative and qualitative data can take three different forms: merging, connecting, and inserting data (Palinkas et al., 2019).The study employed MMR as a technique to determine taekwondo athletes' talent.There are two methods: the first is talking with taekwondo coaches, and the second is using talent identification software created using the AHP.
The purpose of the conversation is to learn more about the standards used to determine the talent of taekwondo athletes at the provincial level.With the intention of reaching a wider audience and saving time, the discussion system is conducted online using a Google Form.The priority criteria for the responses were based on anthropometric, biomotor, and somatotype aspects.By considering various viewpoints, the selection criteria were made in a positive manner in order to obtain taekwondo athletes through STI.
Table 1.Criteria and sub-criteria selected for the evaluation of Taekwondo athletes
The fundamental ideas behind applying the AHP method are as follows: a.
Decomposition, which divides the issue into its component parts and creates a hierarchical structure for the decision-making process.b.Comparative judgement, which evaluates the relative significance of two components at a particular degree.c.Synthesis of Priority: relative weights for the decision-making elements are obtained by applying the Eigen Vector Method.
d. crucial aspect of AHP is logical consistency.Logical Consistency is a crucial aspect of AHP.
According to (Kurniawan & Gusrianty, 2019) the procedural AHP.AHP is skilled in resolving multi-objective issues and criteria that rely on contrasting an idea from every component.The AHP approach looks like this: 1. Identify a problem and work out a solution.
2. Creating a hierarchical structure with the goal at the top and criteria and options below.

Opposite
If activity i gets 1 number compared to activity j, then j has the opposite value compared to j.
In this research, the research process is divided into four stages, namely, the first stage of defining objectives and determining objectives, the second stage of organizing problems into a hierarchy addressed in Figure 1, the third stage of making comparisons and determining the first element, and the last stage is conducting consistency testing of comparisons between elements.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 3 shows an example of an AHP questionnaire.As shown in Table 1, height has a value of three (3) compared to weight, indicating that height is slightly more important than weight.Otherwise, height has a value of one-third (0.333) of weight.The top ten sub-criteria, which include weight (7.3%), agility (7.0%), speed (7.0%), leg length (6.9%), mesomorph (15.2%), endomorph (9.8%), height (8.8%), ectomorph (8.3%), V02Max (7.4%), Body Mass Index (7.4%), and combination of both can be categorised based on Figure 3. Mesomorph is found to be the most significant sub-criteria in identifying the talent of taekwondo athletes when compared to other criteria based on this figure.
Based on this analysis, the highest percentage is found in height anthropometry.One of the most crucial factors in spotting talent and choosing athletes is height measurement.
Achieving optimal body weight and posture is crucial for attaining high sporting achievements, particularly in taekwondo (Rudiyanto. et al., 2012).
V02Max has the largest percentage when it comes to the biomotor aspect.To compete in a long-lasting match in taekwondo, one must have strong endurance (Wahyuni & Donie, 2020)A taekwondo athlete's endurance will have an impact on how well they compete (Aldiansyah, 2020).
In contrast, an athlete's body type plays a significant role in identifying their talent in the somatotype aspect.Tall, round-framed people are typically less agile.On the other hand, those who are medium or slightly shorter but possess powerful muscles are typically more nimble.The endomorph-mesomorph body type possesses the stability of an athlete's power and horses (Suryadi & Fauziah, 2022).

CONCLUSION
This study contributes to the understanding of potential taekwondo athletes' talent priority scale.Anthropometry, somatotype, and biomotor criteria are the results of a literature review that is used to select criteria and sub-criteria for identifying athlete talent.Ten of the thirteen sub-criteria have the greatest percentage based on the outcomes of the AHP analysis.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thank God, the author is able to complete this article.The writer expresses gratitude to his parents and relatives for their ongoing prayers and support.Remember the study programme head and the supervising lecturer as well, who allowed me the chance to write this article and see it through to publication.Also, the author would like to express gratitude to him with the initials R for supporting her during this difficult time.Remember that the author also extends gratitude to everyone who contributed to the writing of this article from beginning to end.May Allah SWT reward you for your assistance.
3.Using a basic matrix, compare elements side by side in pairs based on pre-existing criteria to identify the primary elements.4. The numbers in the pairwise comparison matrix indicate what each other element needs in order to create a scale from 1 to 9 that compares each level.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Determination of main criteria and consideration of criteria with AHP method

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Prioritization of criteria using AHP method

Table 3 .
Criteria importance questionnaire scores shows the results of data analysis from the expert opinion questionnaire using expert choice software.