Evaluation of Breaststroke Swimming Techniques (Body Position, Arm Movement, Leg Kick, and Breathing) for PJKR FIKK UNM Students in 2024

Hasbi Asyhari

doi:10.55081/jphr.v6i1.5260

Hasbi Asyhari Universitas Negeri Makassar

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55081/jphr.v6i1.5260

Keywords: breaststroke swimming, body position, arm movement, leg kick, breathing, PJKR students

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate breaststroke swimming techniques (body position, arm movement, leg kick, and breathing) in students of the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PJKR) Study Program, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences (FIKK), Makassar State University in 2024. The method uses a descriptive quantitative design with video observation and direct assessment on 50 students in semesters 3-5 who have taken basic swimming courses. The assessment instrument includes a 0-10 scale for four technical components with an ICC reliability of 0.92, validated by three expert examiners. Data were collected through a 25-meter swim recorded by a high-speed camera (120 fps), analyzed with descriptive statistics, reliability tests, and one-way ANOVA. The results showed good body position (mean=7.8; SD=1.2), moderate-good arm movement (mean=7.2; SD=1.4), good leg kick (mean=7.6; SD=1.3), adequate breathing (mean=6.9; SD=1.5), with an overall average of 7.4 (74%) in the good category. Breathing was the weakest component because the timing was not synchronized with the arm-leg cycle. Male students were significantly superior in leg kick (p=0.012), while female students were better in breathing (p=0.045). Influencing factors included training frequency (r=0.68) and water experience (r=0.62). The study concluded that the breaststroke swimming technique of PJKR FIKK UNM students was at a good level overall, but required specific interventions in breathing and coordination to achieve competitive standards.

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