Challenges and Opportunities in Physical Education in the Digital Age: Impact on Teaching Methods
Keywords:
physical education, digital era, teaching methods, technological innovation, digital literacy, hybrid learning
Abstract
The digital transformation has significantly reshaped the landscape of education, including the field of physical education. This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of digital technology integration into teaching methods in sports education through a systematic literature review (SLR). Data were collected from 20 national and international journal articles published between 2020 and 2025. A thematic content analysis was applied focusing on three main aspects: (1) the transformation of physical education in the digital era, (2) challenges in implementing digitalization, and (3) opportunities and their impact on teaching methods. The findings indicate that digitalization presents substantial opportunities for pedagogical innovation through the application of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), flipped classroom, and hybrid learning models, all of which enhance learning effectiveness and student engagement. However, several challenges persist, including low digital literacy among teachers, infrastructural limitations, and difficulties in assessing physical performance online. Consequently, digital transformation in sports education requires a shift in the teacher’s role—from a conventional instructor to a digital facilitator capable of adapting to technological change. This study emphasizes the need for policy support, professional development programs, and the integration of technology-based curricula to ensure the sustainability of digital transformation in physical education.
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References
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van Hilvoorde, I., & Koekoek, J. (2018). Digital technologies: A challenge for physical education. European Physical Education Review, 24(6), 823–841. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328768497_Digital_technologies_A_challenge_for_Physical_Education
Wijayanto, A., Or, S., Kom, S., & Wibowo, A. D. S. (2022). Terdepan dalam pendidikan jasmani dan ilmu keolahragaan sebagai pemacu SDM unggul selama pandemi. OSF Preprints. https://files.osf.io/v1/resources/7z6hs_v1/providers/osfstorage/61459fa7a41e8e03ea5f8810?action=download&direct&version=1
Yulianto, E., Bayua, A. T., & Chan, A. A. S. (2025). Perkembangan komunikasi pendidikan olahraga di era transformasi digital. Athena Physical Education and Sports Journal, 3(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.56773/athena.v3i1.44
Cojocaru, A. M., Bucea-Manea-Țoniș, R., & Jianu, A. (2022). The role of physical education and sports in modern society supported by IoT—A student perspective. Sustainability, 14(9), 5624. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095624
Cojocaru, A. M., Cojocaru, M., & Jianu, A. (2022). The impact of agile management and technology in teaching and practicing physical education and sports. Sustainability, 14(3), 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031237
Deng, C., Feng, L., & Ye, Q. (2024). Smart physical education: Governance of school physical education in the era of new generation of information technology and knowledge. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01668-0
Fauzi, M. S., Yantiningsih, E., & Judijanto, L. (2025). Physical education in the era of artificial intelligence: The impact of AI technology on enhancing sports learning in schools. Tofedu Journal, 4(4), 455–467. http://journal.tofedu.or.id/index.php/journal/article/view/487
Hidayatullah, F., & Anwar, K. (2020). Hybrid learning dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani sekolah dasar dan menengah maupun pendidikan olahraga perguruan tinggi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Jasmani (SENOPATI), 4(1), 188–196. https://publikasi.stkippgri-bkl.ac.id/index.php/senopati/article/view/502
Hita, I. P. A. D. (2023). Pengaruh media digital dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep taktik permainan bola basket pada pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Indonesian Journal of Sport and Tourism, 11(3), 112–120. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/IJST/article/view/91429
Indarto, P., Nasuka, N., & Hidayatullah, M. F. (2024). What is the learning model of physical education in the digital era?: Literature review of various studies. Retos Journal. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=9751628
Kitchenham, B., & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering (Version 2.3). EBSE Technical Report, EBSE-2007-01, Keele University and University of Durham, UK.
https://www.elsevier.com/__data/promis_misc/525444systematicreviewsguide.pdf
Kurniawan, Y. A., & Rozaq, M. (2025). Penggunaan teknologi digital dalam pembelajaran sains dan olahraga untuk meningkatkan literasi dan pemahaman siswa. Jurnal Olahraga dan Teknologi, 6(1), 23–31. https://www.ojs.cahayamandalika.com/index.php/jontak/article/view/4053
Kusumawati, M., Abidin, D., & Bujang, B. (2022). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK). Jurnal Maddana, 11(2), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.35194/jm.v11i2.1601
Lutsenko, I., Leshchenko, H., & Prots, T. (2025). Classification of innovations and challenges in teaching physical education in the digital age. Revista Eduweb, 19(2), 233–245. https://revistaeduweb.org/index.php/eduweb/article/view/710
Moustakas, L., & Robrade, D. (2022). The challenges and realities of e-learning during COVID-19: The case of university sport and physical education. Education Sciences, 12(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010009
Mulato, N., Hidayatulloh, F., Purnama, S. K., & Syaifullah, R. (2024). Optimization of learning physical education in digital era: A systematic review. Retos Journal, 52, 103–111. https://revistaretos.org/index.php/retos/article/view/105211
Nugraha, D., Rizali, I., & Santika, B. (2024). Dampak pendidikan jasmani terhadap literasi dan kemampuan kognitif siswa SD di Era 4.0. JOLIMPIC: Journal of Sport and Physical Education, 5(1), 45–57. https://jolimpic.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/view/126
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Putra, C. A., Permadi, A. S., & Setiawan, M. A. (2024). Information technology innovation in sports learning: Understanding global trends and challenges. Retos Journal, 53, 114–122. https://revistaretos.org/index.php/retos/article/view/106485
Stetsenko, N. V., & Shirobakina, E. A. (2020). The digitalization in the field of physical education and sport: Status of the issue. Science and Sport, 1(22), 36–45. Retrieved from https://sciencesport.ru/sites/default/files/media/journal/files/2020-11/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%20%E2%84%961%2822%29.pdf#page=36
Syafruddin, A. (2023). Peran teknologi pendidikan terhadap perubahan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 3(2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.37304/jtekpend.v3i2.9961
van Hilvoorde, I., & Koekoek, J. (2018). Digital technologies: A challenge for physical education. European Physical Education Review, 24(6), 823–841. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328768497_Digital_technologies_A_challenge_for_Physical_Education
Wijayanto, A., Or, S., Kom, S., & Wibowo, A. D. S. (2022). Terdepan dalam pendidikan jasmani dan ilmu keolahragaan sebagai pemacu SDM unggul selama pandemi. OSF Preprints. https://files.osf.io/v1/resources/7z6hs_v1/providers/osfstorage/61459fa7a41e8e03ea5f8810?action=download&direct&version=1
Yulianto, E., Bayua, A. T., & Chan, A. A. S. (2025). Perkembangan komunikasi pendidikan olahraga di era transformasi digital. Athena Physical Education and Sports Journal, 3(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.56773/athena.v3i1.44
Published
2025-12-04
How to Cite
Alimin Hamzah. (2025). Challenges and Opportunities in Physical Education in the Digital Age: Impact on Teaching Methods. Journal Physical Health Recreation (JPHR), 6(1), 194-204. https://doi.org/10.55081/jphr.v6i1.5232
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