The Effect of Fatigue on Visuospatial Perception Accuracy of Basketball Athletes
Keywords:
Visuospatial Perception, Physical Fatigue, Mental Rotation Test, Basketball Athletes
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the impact of fatigue on the accuracy of visuospatial perception of basketball athletes. A total of 23 athletes from BKMF Basketball FIKK UNM participated in this study, using a pre-test and post-test quasi-experiment design. Visuospatial perception was measured with the Mental Rotation Test (MRT) before and after a high-intensity exercise program designed to induce physical fatigue. The results showed a significant decrease in perceptual accuracy (pre-test: 82.09%; post-test: 68.43%) as well as an increase in response time (pre-test: 6.81 minutes; post-test: 7.78 minutes) (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that physical fatigue can impair athletes' ability to process, interpret and make decisions based on visual information. This impact could potentially reduce technical and tactical performance during matches. The implications of this study highlight the importance of integrating cognitive training alongside physical training to maintain athletes' cognitive performance under fatigue conditions.
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References
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Alam, R. (2022). Kelelahan kerja (burnout), teori, perilaku organisasi, psikologi, aplikasi dan penelitian. Penerbit Kampus.
Amar, A. J., Guntoro, T. S., Wanena, T., Wandik, Y., & Putra, M. F. P. (2023). Sport recovery penunjang prestasi yang sering dilupakan. Multilateral: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 22(4), 19–25.
Balk, Y. A., & de Jonge, J. (2021). The “underrecovery trap”: When physical fatigue impairs the physical and mental recovery process. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 10(1), 88.
Behrens, M., Gube, M., Chaabene, H., Prieske, O., Zenon, A., Broscheid, K.-C., Schega, L., Husmann, F., & Weippert, M. (2023). Fatigue and human performance: an updated framework. Sports Medicine, 53(1), 7–31.
Canepa, P. F. F. (2021). Neural Contributions to Physical Activity: From the Brain to the Muscle and Back Again.
Cece, V., Guillet-Descas, E., Tessier, D., & Martinent, G. (2022). Athletes’ motivational and emotional outcomes related to a Need-Supportive intervention in intensive training centers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(6), 1206–1226.
Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Mart\’\in-Rodr\’\iguez, A., Curiel-Regueros, A., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2025). Neuro-Nutrition and Exercise Synergy: Exploring the Bioengineering of Cognitive Enhancement and Mental Health Optimization. Bioengineering, 12(2), 208.
Connell, C. J. W., Thompson, B., Kuhn, G., & Gant, N. (2016). Exercise-induced fatigue and caffeine supplementation affect psychomotor performance but not covert visuo-spatial attention. PLoS One, 11(10), e0165318.
Dong, L., Pageaux, B., Romeas, T., & Berryman, N. (2024). The effects of fatigue on perceptual-cognitive performance among open-skill sport athletes: a scoping review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(2), 1170–1221.
Fu, Y., & Stasko, J. (2023). Hoopinsight: Analyzing and comparing basketball shooting performance through visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 30(1), 858–868.
Gantois, P., Caputo Ferreira, M. E., Lima-Junior, D. de, Nakamura, F. Y., Batista, G. R., Fonseca, F. S., & Fortes, L. de S. (2020). Effects of mental fatigue on passing decision-making performance in professional soccer athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(4), 534–543.
Gavelin, H. M., Neely, A. S., Aronsson, I., Josefsson, M., & Andersson, L. (2023). Mental fatigue, cognitive performance and autonomic response following sustained mental activity in clinical burnout. Biological Psychology, 183, 108661.
Gou, Q., & Li, S. (2023). Study on the correlation between basketball players’ multiple-object tracking ability and sports decision-making. Plos One, 18(4), e0283965.
Graziano, F., Juhasz, V., Brunetti, G., Cipriani, A., Szabo, L., Merkely, B., Corrado, D., D’Ascenzi, F., Vago, H., & Zorzi, A. (2022). May strenuous endurance sports activity damage the cardiovascular system of healthy athletes? A narrative review. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 9(10), 347.
Komarudin, M. P., Saputra, M. Y., Awwaludin, P. N., Febrianty, M. F., & Novian, G. (2024). Model Latihan Kognisi dalam Olahraga. Indonesia Emas Group.
Lochhead, I., Hedley, N., Çöltekin, A., & Fisher, B. (2022). The immersive mental rotations test: Evaluating spatial ability in virtual reality. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3, 820237.
Noakes, T. D. (2012). Fatigue is a brain-derived emotion that regulates the exercise behavior to ensure the protection of whole body homeostasis. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 82.
Palmer, L. (2013). The relationship between stress, fatigue, and cognitive functioning. College Student Journal, 47(2), 312–325.
Petruo, V. A., Mückschel, M., & Beste, C. (2018). On the role of the prefrontal cortex in fatigue effects on cognitive flexibility-a system neurophysiological approach. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 6395.
Trunić, N., & Mladenović, M. (2014). The importance of selection in basketball. Sport--Science \& Practice, 4(2), 65–81.
Van Cutsem, J., Marcora, S., De Pauw, K., Bailey, S., Meeusen, R., & Roelands, B. (2017). The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 47, 1569–1588.
Wang, J., Zhao, X., Bi, Y., Jiang, S., Sun, Y., Lang, J., & Han, C. (2023). Executive function elevated by long term high-intensity physical activity and the regulation role of beta-band activity in human frontal region. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 17(6), 1463–1472.
Wu, C.-H., Zhao, Y.-D., Yin, F.-Q., Yi, Y., Geng, L., & Xu, X. (2024). Mental Fatigue and Sports Performance of Athletes: Theoretical Explanation, Influencing Factors, and Intervention Methods. Behavioral Sciences, 14(12), 1125.
Published
2025-06-04
How to Cite
Muhammad Ivan Miftahul Aziz, & Andi Sahrul Jahrir. (2025). The Effect of Fatigue on Visuospatial Perception Accuracy of Basketball Athletes. Journal Physical Health Recreation (JPHR), 5(2), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.55081/jphr.v5i2.3952
Section
Articles
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