Analisis Pengaruh Relative Age Effect terhadap Proses Seleksi pada Atlet Sepak Bola
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Efek Usia Relatif (RAE) terhadap seleksi pemain sepak bola melalui tinjauan sistematis literatur. Sepak bola adalah olahraga yang menuntut kombinasi keterampilan fisik, teknis, psikologis, dan taktis, di mana atribut fisik seperti kecepatan, kelincahan, dan kekuatan sangat penting. RAE merupakan fenomena di mana pemain yang lahir lebih awal dalam tahun seleksi memiliki keuntungan dalam pemilihan dan pengembangan bakat dibandingkan dengan rekan-rekan mereka yang lahir lebih lambat. Tinjauan ini menggunakan strategi pencarian komprehensif di basis data SCOPUS dengan kata kunci "Efek Usia Relatif", "Seleksi", dan "Pemain Sepak Bola". Dari 152 artikel yang diidentifikasi, 8 artikel relevan dipilih untuk analisis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa RAE signifikan di semua kelompok usia, dengan pemain yang lahir di kuartal pertama memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk terpilih. Namun, pada usia yang lebih tua, pemain yang lahir lebih lambat mulai menunjukkan nilai pasar yang lebih tinggi, mendukung hipotesis underdog. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya kesadaran akan RAE dalam proses seleksi dan pengembangan pemain, serta perlunya strategi yang lebih inklusif untuk mengurangi dampak bias ini. Dengan memahami pengaruh RAE, klub dan akademi dapat mengembangkan pendekatan yang lebih adil dalam identifikasi dan pengembangan bakat pemain muda, sehingga meningkatkan kesempatan mereka untuk sukses di tingkat profesional.
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