Analisis Teknik Grab Start dan Track Start pada Cabang Olahraga Renang
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas teknik start dengan memegang (grab start) dan start dengan mengikuti arus (track start) dalam renang melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis. Delapan artikel nasional dan internasional yang terindeks di Sinta dianalisis menggunakan analisis konten. Tinjauan tersebut berfokus pada parameter biomekanik dan kinematik, termasuk waktu start dari balok start, sudut lepas landas, jarak terbang, dan kecepatan masuk. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa start dengan memegang umumnya memberikan keuntungan dalam jarak terbang dan kecepatan masuk, sedangkan start dengan mengikuti arus cenderung mengurangi waktu start dari balok start secara lebih efektif. Namun, tidak ada satu teknik pun yang ditemukan lebih unggul secara universal, karena hasil kinerja dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu seperti kekuatan kaki, kecepatan reaksi, dan tingkat pengalaman. Temuan ini menekankan bahwa pemilihan teknik start harus disesuaikan dengan karakteristik fisik dan teknis setiap perenang. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman aspek biomekanik dari start renang dan memberikan wawasan praktis bagi pelatih dalam mengoptimalkan pelatihan start melalui pendekatan individual.
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