Analisis Teknik Grab Start dan Track Start pada Cabang Olahraga Renang
Keywords:
Teknik Grab Start, Track Start, Cabang Olahraga Renang
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of grab start and track start techniques in swimming through a systematic literature review. Eight national and international articles indexed in Sinta were analyzed using content analysis. The review focused on biomechanical and kinematic parameters, including block time, take-off angle, flight distance, and entry velocity. Results indicate that the grab start generally provides advantages in flight distance and entry velocity, while the track start tends to reduce block time more effectively. However, no single technique was found to be universally superior, as performance outcomes are influenced by individual factors such as leg strength, reaction speed, and experience level. These findings emphasize that the selection of start techniques should be adjusted to each swimmer’s physical and technical characteristics. The study contributes to the understanding of biomechanical aspects of swimming starts and provides practical insights for coaches in optimizing start training through individualized approaches.
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References
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Matúš, I., Vadašová, B., Eliaš, T., Rydzik, Ł., Ambroży, T., & Czarny, W. (2024). Foot Placement In The Basic Position On The Start Block Osb12 Of Young Competitive Swimmers. Sports, 12(2), 42. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Sports12020042
Pérez-Castilla, A., & García-Pinillos, F. (2024). Sports Biomechanics Applied To Performance Optimization. Applied Sciences, 14(9), 3590. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/App14093590
Peterson Silveira, R., Stergiou, P., Figueiredo, P., Castro, F. De S., Katz, L., & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2018). Key Determinants Of Time To 5 M In Different Ventral Swimming Start Techniques. European Journal Of Sport Science, 18(10), 1317–1326. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1486460
Pratama, B. I., Anggraini, C., Pratama, M. R., Illahi, A. K., & Ari, D. P. S. (2021). Metode Analisis Isi (Metode Penelitian Populer Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial). Unisma Press.
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Thng, S., Pearson, S., & Keogh, J. W. L. (2019). Relationships Between Dry-Land Resistance Training And Swim Start Performance And Effects Of Such Training On The Swim Start: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 49(12), 1957–1973. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S40279-019-01174-X
Valamatos, M. J., Abrantes, J. M., Carnide, F., Valamatos, M.-J., & Monteiro, C. P. (2022). Biomechanical Performance Factors In The Track And Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(7), 4074. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ijerph19074074
Van Dijk, M. P., Beek, P. J., & Van Soest, A. J. K. (2020). Predicting Dive Start Performance From Kinematic Variables At Water Entry In (Sub-)Elite Swimmers. Plos One, 15(10), E0241345. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0241345
Vantorre, J., & Seifert, L. (2014). Biomechanical Analysis Of The Swim-Start: A Review. In ©Journal Of Sports Science And Medicine (Vol. 13). Http://Www.Jssm.Org
Wang, S. (2022). Pattern-Matching Kinematic Analysis Of Glide Phase After Start With Different Techniques In Medley Swimming: An Olympic Champion Case. Physical Activity And Health, 6(1), 246–256. Https://Doi.Org/10.5334/Paah.201
Wang, Z., Liu, K., Zhao, X., & Gao, J. (2025). Comparative Effectiveness Of Physical Training Modalities On Swimming Performance: A Two-Tier Network Meta-Analysis. Frontiers In Physiology, 16. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fphys.2025.1636595
Yu Kwok, W., Chun Lung So, B., Hon Ting Tse, D., & Sheung Mei Ng, S. (2021). 564` 564`A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis: Biomechanical Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Strength And Conditioning Training Programs On Front Crawl Swimming Performance. ©Journal Of Sports Science And Medicine, 20, 564–585. Https://Doi.Org/10.52082/Jssm.2021.564`A
Barbosa, T. M., Barbosa, A. C., Simbaña Escobar, D., Mullen, G. J., Cossor, J. M., Hodierne, R., Arellano, R., & Mason, B. R. (2023). The Role Of The Biomechanics Analyst In Swimming Training And Competition Analysis. Sports Biomechanics, 22(12), 1734–1751. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/14763141.2021.1960417
Barrera-Domínguez, F. J., Almagro, B. J., & Molina-López, J. (2025). Effect Of Different Individualised Strength Training Approaches To Improve Physical Performance In Male Basketball Players. Sports, 13(7), 214. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Sports13070214
Bezodis, I. N., Kerwin, D. G., Cooper, S.-M., & Salo, A. I. T. (2018). Sprint Running Performance And Technique Changes In Athletes During Periodized Training: An Elite Training Group Case Study. International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance, 13(6), 755–762. Https://Doi.Org/10.1123/Ijspp.2017-0378
Bezodis, N. E., Willwacher, S., & Salo, A. I. T. (2019). The Biomechanics Of The Track And Field Sprint Start: A Narrative Review. In Sports Medicine (Vol. 49, Issue 9, Pp. 1345–1364). Springer International Publishing. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S40279-019-01138-1
Bond, C. W., Willaert, E. M., & Noonan, B. C. (2017). Comparison Of Three Timing Systems: Reliability And Best Practice Recommendations In Timing Short-Duration Sprints. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research, 31(4), 1062–1071. Https://Doi.Org/10.1519/Jsc.0000000000001566
Dassoff, A. S., Forward, N. R., & Katica, C. P. (2017). Differences Between The Grab Start And Track Start In Collegiate Swimmers. International Journal Of Exercise Science, 10(4), 515–521. Https://Doi.Org/10.70252/Kjwp9603
De Jesus, K., Mourão, L., Roesler, H., Viriato, N., De Jesus, K., Vaz, M., Fernandes, R., & Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2019). 3d Device For Forces In Swimming Starts And Turns. Applied Sciences, 9(17), 3559. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/App9173559
Fischer, S., & Kibele, A. (2016). The Biomechanical Structure Of Swim Start Performance. Sports Biomechanics, 15(4), 397–408. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/14763141.2016.1171893
Formicola, D., & Rainoldi, A. (2015). A Kinematic Analysis To Evaluate The Start Techniques’ Efficacy In Swimming. Sport Sciences For Health, 11(1), 57–66.
Hanley, B., Walker, J., Paradisis, G. P., Merlino, S., & Bissas, A. (2021). Biomechanics Of World-Class Men And Women Hurdlers. Frontiers In Sports And Active Living, 3. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fspor.2021.704308
Hidayatullah, F., Rusdiana, A., Hidayat, I. I., Imanudin, I., Badruzaman, B., Hardwis, S., Haryono, T., Umaran, U., & Kurniawan, T. (2024). Analisis Kinematika Teknik Awalan Renang Menggunakan Teknik Grab Start Pada Atlet Profesional Dan Atlet Amatir. Jumper: Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Olahraga, 5(2), 641–652.
Knihs, D. A., Bishop, C., Zimmermann, H. B., & Dal Pupo, J. (2023). Interlimb Asymmetries In Swimming And Their Impact On Performance: Evidence From A Scoping Review. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 45(6), 642–662. Https://Doi.Org/10.1519/Ssc.0000000000000769
Marinho, D. A., Barbosa, T. M., Neiva, H. P., Silva, A. J., & Morais, J. E. (2020). Of The Start, Turn And Finish Performance Of Elite Swimmers In 100 M And 200 M Races. In ©Journal Of Sports Science And Medicine (Vol. 19). Http://Www.Jssm.Org
Matúš, I., Vadašová, B., Eliaš, T., Rydzik, Ł., Ambroży, T., & Czarny, W. (2024). Foot Placement In The Basic Position On The Start Block Osb12 Of Young Competitive Swimmers. Sports, 12(2), 42. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Sports12020042
Pérez-Castilla, A., & García-Pinillos, F. (2024). Sports Biomechanics Applied To Performance Optimization. Applied Sciences, 14(9), 3590. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/App14093590
Peterson Silveira, R., Stergiou, P., Figueiredo, P., Castro, F. De S., Katz, L., & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2018). Key Determinants Of Time To 5 M In Different Ventral Swimming Start Techniques. European Journal Of Sport Science, 18(10), 1317–1326. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1486460
Pratama, B. I., Anggraini, C., Pratama, M. R., Illahi, A. K., & Ari, D. P. S. (2021). Metode Analisis Isi (Metode Penelitian Populer Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial). Unisma Press.
Ridwan, M., Am, S., Ulum, B., & Muhammad, F. (2021). Pentingnya Penerapan Literature Review Pada Penelitian Ilmiah. Jurnal Masohi, 2(1), 42. Https://Doi.Org/10.36339/Jmas.V2i1.427
Rusdiana, A. (2020). Analisis Kinematika Gerakan Track Start Dalam Olahraga Renang. Juara : Jurnal Olahraga, 5(2), 143–150. Https://Doi.Org/10.33222/Juara.V5i2.881
Southgate, D. F., Bull, A. M., & Childs, P. R. (2016). Sports Innovation, Technology And Research. World Scientific.
Thng, S., Pearson, S., & Keogh, J. W. L. (2019). Relationships Between Dry-Land Resistance Training And Swim Start Performance And Effects Of Such Training On The Swim Start: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 49(12), 1957–1973. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S40279-019-01174-X
Valamatos, M. J., Abrantes, J. M., Carnide, F., Valamatos, M.-J., & Monteiro, C. P. (2022). Biomechanical Performance Factors In The Track And Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(7), 4074. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ijerph19074074
Van Dijk, M. P., Beek, P. J., & Van Soest, A. J. K. (2020). Predicting Dive Start Performance From Kinematic Variables At Water Entry In (Sub-)Elite Swimmers. Plos One, 15(10), E0241345. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0241345
Vantorre, J., & Seifert, L. (2014). Biomechanical Analysis Of The Swim-Start: A Review. In ©Journal Of Sports Science And Medicine (Vol. 13). Http://Www.Jssm.Org
Wang, S. (2022). Pattern-Matching Kinematic Analysis Of Glide Phase After Start With Different Techniques In Medley Swimming: An Olympic Champion Case. Physical Activity And Health, 6(1), 246–256. Https://Doi.Org/10.5334/Paah.201
Wang, Z., Liu, K., Zhao, X., & Gao, J. (2025). Comparative Effectiveness Of Physical Training Modalities On Swimming Performance: A Two-Tier Network Meta-Analysis. Frontiers In Physiology, 16. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fphys.2025.1636595
Yu Kwok, W., Chun Lung So, B., Hon Ting Tse, D., & Sheung Mei Ng, S. (2021). 564` 564`A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis: Biomechanical Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Strength And Conditioning Training Programs On Front Crawl Swimming Performance. ©Journal Of Sports Science And Medicine, 20, 564–585. Https://Doi.Org/10.52082/Jssm.2021.564`A
Published
2026-03-09
How to Cite
Bintang Firdaus Afla Fauza, & Tri Tunggal Setiawan. (2026). Analisis Teknik Grab Start dan Track Start pada Cabang Olahraga Renang. Jurnal Olahraga Dan Kesehatan Indonesia (JOKI), 6(3). https://doi.org/10.55081/joki.v6i3.4950
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Bintang Firdaus Afla Fauza, Tri Tunggal Setiawan
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